Ballast water has long been known to be one of the main sources for the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species in the great lakes and St. lawrence river. in response, canada and the United States have put in place stringent regulations governing ocean-going vessels and their ballast water. the 2006 regulations enacted by transport canada, and the 2008 regulations enacted by the St. lawrence Seaway Development corporation, require ocean-going vessels to flush their tanks with salt water before entering the St. lawrence Seaway and the great lakes. all vessels entering the seaway are checked through a joint U.S./canadian inspection program and compliance rates in 2009 were recorded at 97.9% (great lakes Ballast Water Working group, 2010). any non-compliant vessels are dealt with on a case-by-case basis to ensure that unmanaged foreign ballast water is not released in the great lakes. collectively, the canadian and U.S. St. lawrence Seaway regulations, along with monitoring, have significantly reduced the risk of aquatic invasive species entering via ship ballast tanks. if these regulations had been enacted earlier, they might have prevented many aquatic invasive species from entering the great lakes basin.
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